Holocaust Museum in Washington DC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Holocaust Museum in Washington DC - Essay Example School children and heads of state are among those coming to learn about the ravages of a global war with the official website attracting on the average around 25 million hits in 5 years. My reason to visit was due to my interest in history and the curiosity to see for myself what was capturing the interest of people around the world. The museum has over 12,750 preserved artifacts as well as 49 million pages of text and 80,000 photographs. Names of 200,000 survivors are also recorded here as well as taped interviews of some of them. Visiting the museum is the perfect opportunity for any history fan to get to see the way of life from those times. I had already done a bit of browsing on USHMM’s official website and wanted to see the place in flesh and blood, or bricks and mortar, in this case. Despite being familiar with the place’s background and what it stood for, I was not quite prepared for the melancholy and eerie air that permeated the building. The structure seems to resonate with the presence of human souls, a rather accurate term since the USHMM was designed by Holocaust survivor James Ingo Freed to be a resonator of memory, as my guide informed me. The most startling feature of the museum is the octagonal Hall of Remembrance, a huge, silent space to memorialize the 6 million victims and survivors of the Holocaust. Visitors can light candles or visit an eternal flame in silence homage to the departed souls. In the Hall of Remembrance, even the air feels heavy with the weight of history. Before you actually come to visit the place, the reality of the Holocaust and the fact that these people actually lived, laughed, cried and loved does not actually sink in. Sitting in contemplation in the Hall of Remembrance, you are made aware of the fact that every single name on display was a living, breathing human being, with dreams, hopes, and aspirations. The USHMM was built not just as a memorial to the victims of the Holocaust. It was also construct ed to familiarize newer generations with the horror and futility of war. It was meant to pass on the message that hatred should not be allowed to prosper. And I must confess it did have this effect on me. A visit to USHMM is not just about learning about this calamity. The place helps one connect with their innermost feelings of compassion, sympathy, and empathy.

Investment Banking Essay Example for Free

Investment Banking Essay Investment banking is a type of financial service that focuses on helping companies acquire funds and grow their portfolios. Much of this comes in the form of stock and bonds transfer, but investment capital and wholesale corporate acquisitions are also part of the equation. Bankers within this sector are usually highly trained, and are widely recognized as some of the most elite participants in the financial marketplace. They are often sought as much for their consulting and advising services as they are for actually executing transactions. Consulting Services Investment bankers frequently give companies advice on mergers and acquisitions. They also track the market in order to help executive officers determine when to make public offerings and how best to manage public assets. Some of the consultative activities investment banking firms engage in overlap with those of private brokerages which often give buy-and-sell advice to the companies they represent. Investment banking is typically a much more nuanced service, but many of the basic strategies are the same. Transactions and Purchases Most of the consultants and specialists working within investment bank firms are able to actually execute transactions on behalf of clients, as well. Many large companies simply want the advice, and will then make their own decisions in-house. Particularly for small businesses and companies without robust financial services divisions, however, hiring an outside consultant to manage investment decisions can make a lot of sense. AdChoices Wealth Management Courses 1 Year Post Graduate Diploma in New Delhi With Global Curriculum. www.IIfpIndia.com Courses in Banking Industry Endorsed Banking Program. 100% Placement Assistance. Apply! Ifbi.co.in/Bank_Operation_Courses Investment Banking Europe Corporate Finance Advisory for Companies Targets in Europe www.ieg-banking.com CPA CFA CMA CIA IFRS Mumbai Delhi Pune Chennai Bangalore Admissions Open Becker CPA CFA www.orbitinstitutes.com NLP Certification Course Get a Certification in NLP with the Best Training in India www.soexcellence.com/nlp+training Benefits for Both Buyers and Sellers When done properly, investment banking has the potential to benefit both those who are selling corporate acquisitions and those who are buying. Asset sales generate substantial revenues that companies can use to front new products, promote existing brands, or invest in research and development. Breaking into business typically requires a lot of money upfront before any profits are realized, but once those benefits come, primary investors usually profit substantially. Distinction Between Commercial and Investment Banking Commercial banking — that is, basic account management, loans, and standard investments like certificates of deposit — are typically kept separate from corporate investment activities, and many banks engage in but one area. In the United States, it was illegal for a bank to have both commercial and investment divisions until 1999, when the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act legalized multiple areas of specialty. Institutions that offer dual services usually do so through different branches and staffs, and accounts are usually maintained separately. Breaking Into the Field Investment banking is often one of the most lucrative and sought-after jobs in finance, but with this prestige comes great responsibility. Most of the professionals in this field have extensive training. A college degree in finance or accounting is almost always required, and graduate degrees — particularly in business, corporate finance, or financial management — are quite common.

The Reality of Jacob Riis How the Other Half Lives Essay example -- W

The Reality of Jacob Riis' How the Other Half Lives Jacob Riis’ book How the Other Half Lives is a detailed description on the poor and the destitute in the inner realms of New York City. Riis tries to portray the living conditions through the ‘eyes’ of his camera. He sneaks up on the people flashes a picture and then tells the rest of the city how the ‘other half’ is living. As shocking as the truth was without seeing such poverty and horrible conditions with their own eyes or taking in the experience with all their senses it still seemed like a million miles away or even just a fairy tale.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The reality of this book hit the people of New York right between the eyes. Riis was once ascribed the label of lower class society, but worked his way up the ladder of success and entered into a higher class among humanity. Riis tried to write this book with pure objectivity but given his background and emotional connection to the tenement dwellers it was hard to keep that objectivity throughout his book. The references he uses to describe some of the immigrant live-ins were negative and very much stereotypical. For example on page 92 when he’s referring to Italians and their ability to speak, English. â€Å"Unlike the German, who begins learning English the day he lands as a matter of duty, or the Polish Jew, who takes it up as soon as he is able as an investment, the Italian learns slowly, if at all.† By referring to Italians in such a way gives, the effect that he holds a personal grudge against them. He makes it seem like they have personally of fended him by not knowing the English language, when in reality I don’t think he cares at all about what they have to say or what they think about him. He feels that if they (Italians or any of the minority groups) come to the United States they should be well briefed enough know the basic communication needs of his language or don’t come at all because your wasting his time and frankly just being a pain in the ass. He refers to all the immigration groups in a judgmental way. He complains about the intelligence levels of the Italians, how dirty and deceitful the Jews are, and even the immaculate cleanliness of the Chinamen. Although he does possess quite a bit of bigotry that boarders on the line of prejudice when it comes to African Americans he recognizes that they are suffering from racism and he sympathizes with th... ... them enough to care how they live. Once that was done you could take the care they discovered for those people and use it to better their homes. And the city would well be on it’s way to improvement. Riis writes his book effectively and manages to grasp the attention of the nation with his exposà © of real life stories and his snap photography of the tenements of New York City. His point of view wasn’t always objective and he had many stereotypes burned into his brain, but at the same time without some of those preconceived ideas I don’t think his writing would have been as effective as it was. There were real emotions and deep feelings that went into his work. Without his connection to the poverty stricken, he would not have an understanding of where those immigrants were mentally, the pain they were going through and the ‘rough road’ ahead of them. The main purpose of his book was to try to help open the eyes of the people in New York to the conditions in which the immigrants are living. By opening their eyes, he hoped that there would be compassion growing in their hearts and maybe open up to that community and aid in the reconstruction of the tenem ents in which they resided.

Authentic Dialogue and Ethical Behavior

By definition, a dialogue is never superficial – it is always a shared inquiry in which the participants eek greater understanding of each other and the truth. The ability to engage in dialogue is a key skill required by leaders for building and maintaining relationships (Kohlrabies, 2006:36) Sam Grant (2010:5) said: â€Å"What we bring to dialogue Includes all of the beautiful heart, openness, creativity, courage and story we have sustained and developed throughout our lives up to that point, and, all the toxic socially constructed norms we have internalized, and therefore practice as well.What we take and apply FIFO to co-creating a healthier mutual world together. † Authentic dialogue may or may not e the solution getting along, but positive dialogue between different parties is definitely a problem. During this discourse authentic dialogue will be evaluated and defined by comparing it to ethical behavior. Secondly the characteristics of authentic dialogue and ethica l behavior will be analyses and discussed.Thirdly the structure of authentic dialogue and ethical behavior, in South African schools, will follow. Furthermore the parties involved will be evaluated and why they are targeted. Then the effects of fake dialogue, unethical behavior and other issues will be stated. Lastly, the discourse will be concluded by looking at suggestions on ways to improve the negative effects and summaries the argument by looking at the main points again and providing a short overview on authentic dialogue. 2.Dialogue can be formally defined as an honest and open exchange between two or more people in which winning points is not the agenda of any parties to it, but rather, the mutual objective is to hear diverse perspectives on a topic in order to come to a more open understanding of how people make meaning, how they each arrived at he meaning they attach to something, and whether and how that meaning is frozen in place and may be unfrozen and changed (Grant, 2 010:8).Therefore dialogue, if it is allowed, helps people to see the world more openly, more complexly, more dynamically and thus, more clearly (Grant, 2010:10). Authentic dialogue can be classified as the combination of being real and really open in both conversation and in relationship (Grant, 2010:5). Grant (2010:5) further states that the universe itself is a grand relationship, and when people recognize that their whole life is a nonunion of diversity and wholeness they partner with the energy of transformation, rather than attempt to assert narrow and short term control for shallow self-interest (Grant, 2010:5).Domination falls away and partnership emerges. Fear falls away and love emerges. Therefore when people really start listening to each other, it opens up the space to genuinely relate to each other, which in turn, opens up a deeper conversation (Grant, 2010:5). Empathy toward themselves and each other moves people from their default consciousness into a co- evolving cons ciousness that is precious and fragile (Grant, 2010:5). The deeper conversation co-generated is, all at once inside them, in their relations, and in their way of engaging in systems. By using authentic dialogue it can open people minds, hearts and will.This creates the ability to co-generate a new presence, which invites a new world (Grant, 2010:5). Authentic dialogue can be used as a transitional tool that opens up people's minds touching their deeper knowledge and picking up from Aristotle five forms of inquiry (Grant, 2010:6). These forms of inquiry can be classified as: science, art, practical wisdom, theory, and intuition. All these ways of owing can be used to bring into embodiment the future that people want to create (Grant, 2010:6). Too get there, people must let go of their preconceptions and conditioned habits (Grant, 2010:6).Moreover authentic dialogue sets the conditions for authentic organizations and institutions with words and deeds truly in alignment. Once in alignm ent, people may realize that their existing perspective on how their more open to changing their will (Grant, 2010:6). AFRICAN SCHOOLS According to Rule (2004:324), dialogue is not merely an educational technique; it is something fundamental to the process of becoming a human being. Further dialogue is also a moment when humans meet where they reflect on their reality as they make and remake their reality (Rule, 2004:325).Rule (2004:325) emphasizes that dialogue and political action are related and that dialogue is not simply talking for its own sake. Moreover dialogue is part of transforming the world by using the reflections of what people know and may not know to change and transform reality. Thus Rule (2004:326) argues that learners are not empty vessels which need to be filled by the teacher and rejects ‘banking education'. Therefore the teacher can no longer be classified as the-one-who-teaches, UT rather one who is himself taught in dialogue with the students, who in tu rn while being taught also teach (Rule, 2004:326).Further the learners and the teacher becomes Jointly responsible in the process where both parties experience grow (Rule, 2004:326). Furthermore Rule (2004:326) proposes that teachers become students and students become teachers during the dialog process. It becomes more clearly that the role of the teacher is to guide learners and facilitate positive dialogue in the classroom (Rule, 2004:326). The teacher can guide the learners through own life experiences, knowledge and examples. Therefore the teachers must always behave in such a way that they set a good example for learners (Rule, 2004:326).Thus teachers have the ability to change the learners' attitudes by using authentic dialogue and ethical behavior. Teachers can build foundations of trust, truth, safety and respect (Rule, 2004:326). When making use of authentic dialogue in a classroom, it helps to promote inclusively and equality. Teachers direct learners to acknowledge that there are: different cultures in South Africa, different languages, different races and different life views (Rule, 2004:326). The moment the learners realism that there are more than Just, ‘me, myself, and I in this world', there can be a positive change.Learners will realism that no matter their background, culture, religion or race, they are all equal and the same (Rule, 2004:326). It is a teacher's Job to always be true to the learners, to guide them and to create a platform where they can freely speak their minds (Rule, 2004:326). In conclusion authentic dialogue is a formal conversation between more than one party where the parties argue and share their views and perceptions regarding a specific topic. It is a key instrument which can be used to stop conflict and help promote positive change in this world.

Othello – Notions of Powerplay

Othello embraces many instances involving the dynamic of Powerplay. This can be examined through the relationships of characters: being Othello, Iago, Roderigo and Desdemona. Iago's relationship with Othello is where the clearest examples of Powerplay can be viewed. Iago maintains an overarching power over Othello in the play. Iago is successful in manipulating both the truth and Othello, describing Casio's departure from his meeting with Desdemona: â€Å"that he would steal away so guilty like, seeing you coming†. Iago's tremendous gift with language allows him to maintain power over Othello by essentially planting doubt in his mind. Throughout the play, Iago is successful in manipulating Othello through his artificial language which portrays himself as an ‘honest' friend who is there for assistance. This is reiterated throughout the play with constant repetition of the word ‘honest' when describing Iago and this is highly ironic as he is clearly the most dishonest character in Othello. Iago is often seen enraging Othello by providing extra, unnecessary details about Desdemona's supposed betrayal. Whilst attempting to remain innocent and of a moral high ground , Iago's gift with language enables this manipulation to have a greater effect on his victim, Othello. This is clearly conveyed when he describes Desdemona's unfaithfulness with Cassio where he lies â€Å"with her, on her, what you will†. This has an astronomical impact on the Moor who's response is furious and vicious. Iago's manipulation is further explored when he quotes after Othello has a epileptic fit â€Å"my medicine, work! â€Å". This enables the audience to understand Iago's thoughts and offers them insight as he acknowledges that his medicine, being his language is having a huge effect on Othello. He is now in complete control and possesses complete power. Powerplay can be notable seen through the relationship of Othello and Desdemona as she is innocent of all his accusations and only lives to serve him. Given the context, being Venice and Cyprus in the 16th century the men are the more powerful and capable whereas women serve a stereotypical purpose. This is also seen in Othello where Desdemona is entirely faithful to her husband the Moor as he is in control of the relationship. Often, however the powerplay is turned around as Desdemona is capable of convincing Othello with her delicate voice and he becomes her victim. Ultimately, the both fall victim to Iago, the ultimate manipulator and this is clear when he visits Desdemona, asking â€Å"Can he be angry? † after she confides in him about Othello's belief in her unfaithfulness which originated from Iago. This is highly ironic and makes clear the extent of Iago's power and control over all the characters. The relationship of Iago and Roderigo is based on power and manipulation as Iago uses him for financial gain. Roderigo is blurred in his ways by his love and lust for Desdemona and Iago recognises and capitalises on the opportunity he sees by this. This is clearly seen when Roderigo tells Iago that he will â€Å"incontinently drown myself† as he believes he will never have Othello's wife and after only minutes, Iago is able to convince him to â€Å"sell all my land† in order to provide Iago with financial support. Immediately, Roderigo then leaves and the audience is confronted with a soliloquy by Iago, referring to Roderigo as a â€Å"snipe† and explaining he has no emotional connection with Roderigo and he only uses him for his money. This offers insight into Iago, his evil train of thought and his manipulative qualities. Thus it can be seen that Othello clearly offers forward examples of Powerplay which can be examined through relationships within the play. Ultimately, at the centre of all Powerplay is Iago who is capable of extraordinary manipulation due to his strong ability with language, with his most obvious examples being Othello, Desdemona and Roderigo. The powerplay is so clear between the characters that is becomes very clear that manipulation is one of the foundations of powerplay.

Free Essays on Basquiat

I saw Basquiat the movie, and it wasn’t what I expected. Although, I am not sure what exactly I expected. Before watching this movie, I had no knowledge of John-Michel Basquiat, except for the slides that were shown in art appreciation of his work. I was quite confused by his economic status, did he have money and pretend to be poor? Or was he actually poor because he didn’t get along with his wealthy parents? He was sleeping in a box in the beginning and then he was staying at his friends house, then he had his own place, then he lived with his girlfriend and then someone said something about his parents having money, I was very confused by all of this. Also, I didn’t know that Andy Worhol was whacked, but I guess all creative people have to be at least a little crazy, that’s not a bad thing. David Bowie was very endearing as Worhol, I really liked the way he played it. Another thing that surprised me is that people were smoking in buildings, I was n’t really around back when that was aloud so it was kind of surreal to me. And it looked like Basquiat constantly had a joint in his hand! I don’t know how things were back then, but smoking weed in an art gallery? I just don’t see how that’s appropriate, maybe they let him get away with more because he’s the revered artist, but that’s crazy! Basquiat really showed the bad side of the art world, a side I had never contemplated before. For instance, when Basquiat was sleeping in the box outside and Rene was on the bench, Rene didn’t even acknowledge him when he stepped out of his box. They ran into each other a few more times without any conversation or acknowledgement. Until they were both at a party and Basquiot had some of his work there, Rene saw it and all of the sudden, he cared who that grubby looking black boy was. That’s so superficial. Then Rene took him under his wing, but once everyone heard that Basquiat was the hot new thing, they all wa... Free Essays on Basquiat Free Essays on Basquiat I saw Basquiat the movie, and it wasn’t what I expected. Although, I am not sure what exactly I expected. Before watching this movie, I had no knowledge of John-Michel Basquiat, except for the slides that were shown in art appreciation of his work. I was quite confused by his economic status, did he have money and pretend to be poor? Or was he actually poor because he didn’t get along with his wealthy parents? He was sleeping in a box in the beginning and then he was staying at his friends house, then he had his own place, then he lived with his girlfriend and then someone said something about his parents having money, I was very confused by all of this. Also, I didn’t know that Andy Worhol was whacked, but I guess all creative people have to be at least a little crazy, that’s not a bad thing. David Bowie was very endearing as Worhol, I really liked the way he played it. Another thing that surprised me is that people were smoking in buildings, I was n’t really around back when that was aloud so it was kind of surreal to me. And it looked like Basquiat constantly had a joint in his hand! I don’t know how things were back then, but smoking weed in an art gallery? I just don’t see how that’s appropriate, maybe they let him get away with more because he’s the revered artist, but that’s crazy! Basquiat really showed the bad side of the art world, a side I had never contemplated before. For instance, when Basquiat was sleeping in the box outside and Rene was on the bench, Rene didn’t even acknowledge him when he stepped out of his box. They ran into each other a few more times without any conversation or acknowledgement. Until they were both at a party and Basquiot had some of his work there, Rene saw it and all of the sudden, he cared who that grubby looking black boy was. That’s so superficial. Then Rene took him under his wing, but once everyone heard that Basquiat was the hot new thing, they all wa...

Predeterminer Definition and Examples in English Grammar

Predeterminer Definition and Examples in English Grammar In grammar, a predeterminer is a type of determiner that precedes other determiners in a noun phrase. (The word that immediately follows a predeterminer is called the central determiner.) Predeterminers are also known as a predeterminer modifiers.   Predeterminers are used to express a proportion (such as all, both, or half) of the whole indicated in the noun phrase. Like determiners, predeterminers are functional elements of structure and not formal word classes. Examples and Observations Half our life is spent trying to find something to do with the time we have rushed through life trying to save.(attributed to Will Rogers)All the people like us are We,And everyone else is They.(Rudyard Kipling)Both the children had a gentleness (it was their only fault, and it never made Miles a muff) that kept them- how shall I express it?- almost impersonal and certainly quite unpunishable.(Henry James, The Turn of the Screw, 1898)Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall,Humpty Dumpty had a great fall.All the kings horses and all the kings menCouldnt put Humpty together again.(English nursery rhyme)Realizing the importance of the case, my men are rounding up twice the usual number of suspects.(Claude Rains as Captain Renault in Casablanca, 1942)Core Members and Marginal MembersThe special quantifiers all, both, and half are the core members of the class of predeterminers. Other fractions and multiples (twice, thrice, three times, etc.) are marginal members. This set of quantifying elements is distinct from ordinary quantifiers such as many, some, much, and the cardinal and ordinal numerals. . . .[T]he word such and certain adjectives can [also] serve as predeterminer modifiers before the indefinite article. In all such cases in the corpora, predeterminer adjectives are themselves modified such that they describe a relative degree of some property. For example, something that is too good possesses a degree of goodness that is equal to some reference point; someone who is such a bore exhibits a high degree of boorishness, etc.(Thomas Edward Payne, Understanding English Grammar: A Linguistic Introduction. Cambridge University Press, 2011)

Best Places to Sell Used Textbooks Online

Best Places to Sell Used Textbooks Online Selling Used Textbooks Textbooks are very expensive. With most books costing $100 or more each, its not unheard of for students to spend well over $1,000 on textbooks during their academic career. And once youre done with a textbook, what do you do with it? Some schools offer a buyback program that will take your textbooks back and give you cash in return. Unfortunately, they rarely pay top dollar, which means you might take a considerable loss. A second option is to sell your used textbooks online. This latter option might just put a few more dollars back into your pocket. Get tips on how to sell used textbooks for cash. Where to Sell Used Textbooks There are a number of places to sell used textbooks online. Some of them allow you to sell directly to buyers, and others sell the books for you so that you can put a significant sum of money in your pocket without doing a lot of work.   Before selling any of your used textbooks, you should take time to compare the different prices you will get from the various outlets that sell books. Of course, you dont want to get too carried away with the comparison if you dont have a lot of time on your hands. There are tons of sites that buy used textbooks; you could spend hours comparing prices on just one book. Youre better off making a list of options and checking those sites in particular.  Some of the best places to sell use textbooks include: Amazon - You can sell your textbooks on Amazon when you sign up for a free account.BetterWorldBooks - You can sell or donate your books to this site. BetterWorld pays the shipping.BIGWORDS - Get up to 75 percent of your money back when you use BIGWORDs buyback comparison tool.Blue Rectangle - This site pays the shipping when you sell your used textbooks to them.Book Scouter - Use this site to find the website that will buy your used textbooks for the highest price.BookByte - You can get instant quotes and free shipping when you sell used textbooks on BookByte.BooksIntoCash - This long-established site offers fast payment and free shipping to students who want to get rid of old textbooks.BooksValue.com - This site buys used textbooks from both students and faculty.Cash 4 Books - You can receive payment within three business days when you sell used textbooks to this website.CKY Books - CKY will send you payment within 24 to 48 hours of receiving your used textbooks.CollegeSmarts - You can sell and trade your used textbooks on CollegeSmarts. Craigslist - Craigslist is a great place to sell anythingtextbooks are no exception.eBay - On eBay, you can set a reserve and get the price you need for your used textbooks.eCampus - This site offers great buyback prices and free UPS shipping.eTextShop.com - This site guarantees the most money for your used textbooks. Other perks include free shipping and fast payment.Half.com - This eBay site is a great place to sell used textbooks.Kijiji - This classifieds site is a good place to sell used textbooks and other school supplies.MoneyForBooks.com - Get free shipping labels, fast payment, and other perks from this site.SellBackBooks - This site offers instant quotes and fast payment with direct deposits.Textbook Buyer - You can sell used textbooks, manuals and other study materials through Textbook Buyer.TextbookX.com - This site pays 200 percent more than bookstores that buy textbooks.Valore Books - Valore is known for having some of the highest buyback prices.

Critically evaluate the development and application of the implied Essay

Critically evaluate the development and application of the implied duty of trust and confidence with reference to contracts of employment - Essay Example It would appear from the decided cases, that the primary purpose of the implied duty of trust is to ensure that the employer acts in good faith and does not unfairly or inequitably exercise his/her power under the employment contract.4 This paper explores the emerging concept of the implied duty of trust and confidence in the employment contract and argues that it is a significant development, used for the purpose of regulating and restraining the employer’s conduct in asserting his/her power under the employment contract. The implied duty of trust is a relatively new concept of employment law.5 The duty itself is most likely founded on the fundamental principle of co-operation required of parties to a contract generally.6 It is also part of the history of employment law and its shift away from the underlying tenet of the preexisting master/servant characterization of employment relationships. In this regard, the emerging duty of trust can be detected in Lord Slynn’s judgment in Spring v Guardian Assurance Plc [1995] 2 AC 196 in which Slynn J said: The changes which have taken place in the employer/employee relationship, with far greater duties imposed on the employer than in the past, whether by statute of by judicial decision, to care for the physical, financial and even psychological welfare of the employee.7 The duty of mutual cooperation merely dictated that parties to a contract tailor their conduct so as not to undermine the terms and conditions of the contract.8 In other words the duty of mutual cooperation did not impose upon the parties a positive duty. The implied duty of trust which was developed from the duty of mutual cooperation does impose upon the parties a positive duty to take specific action. For example in Scally v Southern Health and Social Services Board [1992] 1 AC 294 the court held that the implied duty of trust and confidence imposed upon the

Personality Theorist Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Personality Theorist Paper - Essay Example Of these approaches, the psychoanalysis was captures the interest of many psychologists and ordinary people because of its startling applications and implications to human behavior (Jung, 1976). The psychoanalytic school of psychology was founded by Austrian physician Sigmund Freud. The central theory of the school that unconscious motivation and desires direct human behavior. The psychoanalytic model identified three key subsystems within an individual's personality: the ego, superego and id. The interaction of these three subsystems shapes observable behavior (Atkinson, 1993, p. 534). This school of thought assumes that a person's problems cannot be fully solved without understanding the unconscious influences in a person's early relationships may have contributed to the current problem of the person (p. 674). Psychoanalysis also gave birth to new outlooks on human behavior and installed Freud as one of the most recognizable names in the field of psychology. However Freud's apparent contracted and inflexible view of libido and other human behavioral motivations, which he basically viewed as sexual in context, left some of the dissatisfied and prompted them to diverge from the Freud (Booere, 2006). Carl Jung was a Swiss psychiatrist and founder of analytical psychology. He used his background on Freudian theories to explore the "inner space" of the human psyche. He involved mythology, religion, and philosophy into his studies and became an expert in mystic symbolism. He concentrated on the study of dreams and their importation and devoted himself significantly to the study and correlation of Western and Eastern philosophical beliefs (Carl Jung, 2004). Carl Gustav Jung and Analytic Psychology According to Carl Jung, "As far as we can discern, the sole purpose of human existence is to kindle a light in the darkness of mere being." (Memories, Dreams, Reflections, 1989). Carl Jung tried to find the explanation to human behavior through exploring dreams, philosophy, religion and literature (Booere, 2006). His work provided archetypes of personality and behavioral theories that is still being used today by psychologist and has influenced other fields such as humanities, mythology and theology (Carl Jung, 2004). Jung's research created the idea of the complex, or cluster of emotionally charged associations. He disagrees with Freudian theory of the pervasiveness of a sexual basis for neuroses and the pessimism on human nature and motivation (Carl Jung, 2004). Jung established analytic psychology and brought forward the concepts of the introvert and extravert personality, archetypes, and the collective unconscious. He also created new method for psychotherapeutic that allowed a person to know his unique "myth" or place in the collective unconscious. His work is dominated by his study of dreams, their meaning and imagination (Carl Jung, 2006). The Archetypes Jung theorized that humans have a "preconscious psychic disposition" explains why a person reacts in a specific human manner (Jung, 1966). Jung worked on the reconciliation of the individual with supra-personal archetypes and linked the archetypes to heredity and instinct. Archetype had no form of its own and functioned more as an "organizing principle" or a structural notion of psychological existence (Booere, 2006). Jung's archetypes were as

EMPLOYEE RELATIONS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

EMPLOYEE RELATIONS - Essay Example In such instances, intervention of trade unions is vital in that it encourages procedures to be put in place so as to create necessary and balanced relationship; thus promoting mutual understanding between the parties. A win-win situation is built between the parties thereby enabling them to have mutual understanding and better progress. A trade union is comprised of employees who need to have their interests organized and represented not only in the workplace but also in the society. The union ensures proper regulation of the employment relationship through collective bargaining with the management. Here, employers and employees share powers in conducting employment relationship. The process of collective bargaining opens the room for negotiation between employers’ representatives and the union comprising of employees, in the aim of regulating employment where they reach an agreement which is, therefore, applied to employees equitably. This tool is mostly used by unions in pr otecting or improving their members’ interests. Therefore, involvement of collective bargaining and power sharing between the two parties has a considerable impact in that it improves the employment relationship and fosters organizational performance (Daniels, 2006: 43). The Trade Union and Labour Relations Act governs both permanent and casual workers who have a common interest in regulating their relationship with the employers. Functions of trade union are broad in terms of job regulation, power, social change, economic regulation, self fulfilment and member services. At times, some trade unions have affiliated with some representative bodies, for instance, the UK Trade Union Congress which depicts itself as the voice of all workers in Britain. It helps members to lobby the government concerning various issues, which include, union, economic and employment Unions have the mandate to challenge managerial rights by restricting employees from supplying labour to their employe rs through the organisation of industrial action (Stephen, 2007: 45). Unions have not only a face of monopolising labour supply to the management, but also a voice for their members. In their operation as a collective voice, they spot employees’ concerns and efficiently convey them to the employer. This enables the management to better treat the employees without having to incur transaction costs. It also impacts an individual employee by overcoming the incentive problem that would cost them by conveying their grievances to management in the absence of the union particularly when the benefit accrues to all workers, for example, public goods like safety and health. In such cases, the employees do not tackle the problems facing them; instead they let them foster and find it more convenient to quit their jobs and go in search for another one elsewhere (Rose, 2008: 38). Unions, therefore, are considered to offer a valuable service to both the management and the employees by colle cting all employees’ concerns and passing them on to the employer. This, in most cases, leads to faster and better decision making by the management, which solves employees’ requirements better than in the absence of the union. Effectiveness of a union is gauged by its capability of achieving set goals in serving members through workplace representation and

Proposal Argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Proposal Argument - Essay Example Indeed, such a twist of events has already been witnessed in Ohio in 2011 when a boy weighing two hundred pounds was taken away from his parental care and put in a rehabilitation home. Cleveland Weight authorities claimed the mother of the boy was putting the health of the boy at risk. The crucial question is whether parents should be held responsible for obese children. It is indisputable that the debate underlying the topic pertains to the question of nurture versus nature. Thus, in deciding whether parents should be held responsible for obese children, one should give considerations to the causes of obesity, questioning how large is the role of parents in making children obese. It is worth acknowledging that obesity is largely caused by dieting, among other factors that are informed by poor parental choices such as limited instillation for physical exercises in children lifestyles. Arguably, diet and lack of exercises are the major causes of obesity among children. Of all the abov e-mentioned factors, non-healthy eating is cited as the main cause of obesity, this is accounted for by the following reasons. According to Hellmich (56), people consume food without giving consideration to the number of calories in it. MacDonald’s meals comprise high amounts of calories that could, no doubt, result to obesity. For instance, Big Mac contains as significant as 500 calories, as well as 33 grams fat (Munger 1456). Even intriguing is the fact a large population of people are now consuming these kinds of foodstuffs. According to Hellmich (60), as significant as 80 percent of youths are overlooking the impact calories can have on their health by underestimating the amount of calories in their meals. This trend is attributable to the fact that many people prefer foodstuff with much sugar, fat and salt (Peta 34). During free times, many people would still opt to taking cookies and snacks. Besides that, most people watch television while eating these snacks. This crea tes a worrying situation since watching television fosters overeating. However, those opposed to the fact that parents should be held responsible for obesity of their children have asserted that there are various factors that cause obesity and which parents have no control over. This is particularly in reference to genetics. Indeed, according to Green and Hayakawa (503) genetic characteristics are considered to play an important role in triggering obesity incidences. Characteristics, such as high human appetite and slow rate at which a body carries out metabolic activities, are all determined by genes and as well as can be inherited. Under condition of food sufficiency, these two would work together and result in perfect obese conditions. Individuals found to consist of a gene associated with fat mass are considered more susceptible to obesity risks than those without the gene. Furthermore, obesity is associated with various syndromes, which are linked to genetic variations. These s yndromes include Prader Willi syndrome, Cohen Syndrome, Bardiet-Biedl Syndrome and MOMO syndromes. Of the People who experience obesity in their early ages, especially below ten, about seven percent contained one point of mutations in DNA. Studies have also pointed out that over eighty percent of children born to obese parents risked obesity by about 80 percent (Allison and Hayakawa, 506). Moreover, the hypothesis of the thrifty gene presupposes that

The Origin and Significance of European Sovereign Debt Crisis Essay

The Origin and Significance of European Sovereign Debt Crisis - Essay Example Indeed, despite Germany being at the centre of the origin of the European debt crisis, there were other players who had the authority to save the euro member countries from plunging into this crisis. Introduction Manolopoulos (2011) refers to the European sovereign debt crisis as a financial crisis which has caused some Eurozone countries to have difficulties in refinancing respective government debts unless a third party intervenes. The decade preceding 2009 saw the Eurozone achieve much success economically with the European Central Bank, ECB achieving its policy objectives. The inflation was maintained at low with an almost equilibrium GDP. The use of a single currency reduced the cost of transactions with the greatest effect being on territories of countries where financial interactions were intense. Nonetheless, Grahl (2011) noted that with a single currency, member countries lose control of their currencies. As such, the exchange rate becomes fixed and in times of competitiveness problems, the country would not devalue or allow depreciation of its currency. During the crisis of the sovereign debt crisis, Britain was cushioned against this because of not being a member of the Eurozone. Secondly, these countries lose the control of domestic interest rates which influence investment and consumption effectively affecting the economy. It would only be beneficial if the member economies move at par. But with discrepancies, with others in recession while others face inflation, this becomes costly. The average good performance of the Eurozone hid some of these misgivings and individual performances of these countries. For instance, countries negatively affected by the Eurozone debt crisis had inflation rates of above 2% despite the average inflation of the Germany, the largest economy in the Eurozone being always being lower than 2% (Grahl 2011). While Germany had gradual growth, the other countries had domestic booms and entered into debt crisis with Greece being the first casualty followed by Ireland, Portugal, Spain and Italy in that order, with their account deficits being traced back to 1999. These countries borrowed for their domestic financing from abroad such as the housing developments in Spain and Ireland and government spending in Italy financed by German household savings. These financing was given when these countries were unable to service these debts in the long run. Instead of financing human capital and productive projects that would lead to higher future returns, the investments were on public and private consumption and on wasteful construction projects. According to Conquest (2011), financial crises resulting from housing booms would normally lead to sovereign debt crisis. Grahl (2011) further argues that sovereign debt crisis would be further propelled by fears of government’s insolvency as it would fail to pay capital and interest on its bonds. Eventually, capital markets get closed and the governments forced to default. The local currency would then depreciate followed by

Proposal Argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Proposal Argument - Essay Example Indeed, such a twist of events has already been witnessed in Ohio in 2011 when a boy weighing two hundred pounds was taken away from his parental care and put in a rehabilitation home. Cleveland Weight authorities claimed the mother of the boy was putting the health of the boy at risk. The crucial question is whether parents should be held responsible for obese children. It is indisputable that the debate underlying the topic pertains to the question of nurture versus nature. Thus, in deciding whether parents should be held responsible for obese children, one should give considerations to the causes of obesity, questioning how large is the role of parents in making children obese. It is worth acknowledging that obesity is largely caused by dieting, among other factors that are informed by poor parental choices such as limited instillation for physical exercises in children lifestyles. Arguably, diet and lack of exercises are the major causes of obesity among children. Of all the abov e-mentioned factors, non-healthy eating is cited as the main cause of obesity, this is accounted for by the following reasons. According to Hellmich (56), people consume food without giving consideration to the number of calories in it. MacDonald’s meals comprise high amounts of calories that could, no doubt, result to obesity. For instance, Big Mac contains as significant as 500 calories, as well as 33 grams fat (Munger 1456). Even intriguing is the fact a large population of people are now consuming these kinds of foodstuffs. According to Hellmich (60), as significant as 80 percent of youths are overlooking the impact calories can have on their health by underestimating the amount of calories in their meals. This trend is attributable to the fact that many people prefer foodstuff with much sugar, fat and salt (Peta 34). During free times, many people would still opt to taking cookies and snacks. Besides that, most people watch television while eating these snacks. This crea tes a worrying situation since watching television fosters overeating. However, those opposed to the fact that parents should be held responsible for obesity of their children have asserted that there are various factors that cause obesity and which parents have no control over. This is particularly in reference to genetics. Indeed, according to Green and Hayakawa (503) genetic characteristics are considered to play an important role in triggering obesity incidences. Characteristics, such as high human appetite and slow rate at which a body carries out metabolic activities, are all determined by genes and as well as can be inherited. Under condition of food sufficiency, these two would work together and result in perfect obese conditions. Individuals found to consist of a gene associated with fat mass are considered more susceptible to obesity risks than those without the gene. Furthermore, obesity is associated with various syndromes, which are linked to genetic variations. These s yndromes include Prader Willi syndrome, Cohen Syndrome, Bardiet-Biedl Syndrome and MOMO syndromes. Of the People who experience obesity in their early ages, especially below ten, about seven percent contained one point of mutations in DNA. Studies have also pointed out that over eighty percent of children born to obese parents risked obesity by about 80 percent (Allison and Hayakawa, 506). Moreover, the hypothesis of the thrifty gene presupposes that

Case study 11 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

11 - Case Study Example Janice should consider getting support from the hotel’s executives through Tony for her group business. In addition, Janice should focus HR practices to increase collaboration amongst group members and their superiors or supervisors. The best way to deal with group businesses is to employ HR strategies. Thirdly, Janice can use heritage relationships to form and organize these groups. Janice should first find out existing trends in the lodging sector. Second, Janice should determine the most promising domestic and visit trends. Third, Janice should find out The Christopher Hotel’s rivals and their success so far. The fourth step is finding out the likely accommodation market sectors in the region. Lastly, Janice can find out the residence and average room rate that a new property at can accomplish. Janice can simply find out what the competition is up to by visiting their website and associate blogs or social media accounts. If the competition has not posted the specifics and time of these activities on these sites, Janice can attend a conference held by competition and pick up news about their events and successes. Other ways for finding out the operations and timing of the competition is compiling a report, enrolling their suppliers, or even employing

Jane Cazneau Essay Example for Free

Jane Cazneau Essay Hudson posits a Native American grandmother, although there is no solid evidence of this. Her first marriage apparently dissolved, but there is no divorce record. She may or may not have had an affair with Aaron Burr, an early mentor. Hudsons most significant claim is that Jane Storm is the journalist who coined the phrase manifest destiny (pp. 60-62). Hudson argues that later historians have simply assumed that John OSullivan wrote the Democratic Reviews many unsigned editorials. But Hudsons computer analysis (Appendix B) of OSullivans and Storms signed works shows that the grammatical errors in the famous editorial that first contained the phrase exhibit a much closer correlation with those commonly made by Storm than with those made by OSullivan. What is certain is that she migrated to pre-revolutionary Texas and speculated in land grants and immigration schemes. Writing under the pen name Montgomery (later, Cora Montgomery), Storm became a regular correspondent of Moses Y. Beachs New York Sun. When war broke out, Storm accompanied Beach and his daughter on a covert peace mission to Mexico in late 1846. The Beach mission has long been clouded with uncertainty about its purposes and accomplishments, and so Storms role in it is similarly in doubt. Nonetheless, she was clearly an important element, as neither of the Beaches knew Spanish and President James K. Polk had a private interview with her after her return. After the war, Storm continued to favor U. S. xpansion into Latin America and the Caribbean, especially through annexation. Although Hudson maintains that Storm was not a strong proponent of All Mexico during the U. S. -Mexican War, some have credited her with leading the movement. She had contact with Cuban, Mexican, and Nicaraguan filibustering groups. She married diplomat Williams L. Cazneau in 1849 after a long acquaintance but still worked as a journalist for numerous publications, wrote about her travels, and remained active in Democratic P arty politics. She secured a diplomatic mission to the Dominican Republic for her husband and worked with him to gain U. S. access to Samana Bay. Jane Storm Cazneau died in a shipwreck during a storm at sea in 1878. Many questions about her activities and the extent of her influence remain unanswered. Barring the emergence of new documentary collections, Hudsons biography is the most complete picture of her life we are likely to have. As such it is a useful addition to the literature on nineteenth-century U. S. expansionism.

Performance of the Bretton Wood System

Performance of the Bretton Wood System THE PERFORMANCE OF THE BRETTON WOOD SYSTEM This essay will assess the performance of the Bretton Wood system which was first established in 1944 by 730 delegates from all 44 Allied nations who gathered at the Mount Washington Hotel in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, United States, and began an international control of global monetary relations between nations. The essay will show that the system has been relatively successful and contributed towards the development of global free trade amongst nations and helped prevent the kind of economic disasters such as the Great Depression of the 1930s, which was felt to have been one of the causes of World War 11. However, the essay will also argue that criticism of the Bretton Woods as merely the vehicle for US hegemony over the international economy is also justified. The Bretton Woods System began in 1944 with the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference, and established the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD). In the new agreement on the monetary system, each country member must ensure the exchange rate of its currency is remained within a fixed value,in terms of gold and for the IMF to help support countries suffering temporary imbalances of payments (Markwell, 2006). The Bretton Woods agreement came near the end of a World War that had devastated the globe and many thought that the war itself was partly a result of the economic policies of the pre-war years. In the 1930s the United States preferred policies of isolationism that led them to demand repayment of Allied war debts from World War 1 and caused countries to independently set economic conditions for global trade that cause deflationary problems that aggravated the decline of world trade, led to mass unemployment and negatively affected the majority of the economies of the developed world. The most serious outcome was the decline in the international flow of capital and the retarding of development of international investment. The War left the main economies aware that peace could only be maintained if countries cooperated and efficiently managed the value and exchange rates of currencies. As Cordell Hull (US Secretary of State) argue if there was a freer system of trading where countries treated fairly and eased on trading regulations, they could all raise their living standards, therefore, economic development would be a peaceful competition, thus eliminating the economic dissatisfaction that breeds war (Hull, 1948, p.81) Keynesian economic theory was now the dominant foundation of most countries economic policy-making and this promoted a greater role for government in trade with national politics based on governments assuming a responsibility towards all their citizens. The War also left countries feeling a clear need for economic cooperation and peace to be maintained through trade and that trade to be structured by an international monetary system based on free markets (Markwell, 2006). However, it was the plan of Harry Dexter White from the US Treasury, rather than Keyness own plan that was the main framework for the Bretton system, and this showed from the outset that the dominant nation in the system would be the USA, leading to accusations that the Bretton system is little more than an economic vehicle for American hegemony (Strange, 1996) The first goal of the new approach to global trade was post-war reconstruction of the devastated economies of Europe and Asia. The Bretton Woods system, as the ‘first example of a fully negotiated monetary order intended to govern currency relations among sovereign states† (Cohen, 2009, p.1). However, the reality was that Europe and large parts of Asia were in virtual economic collapse due to the World War and the creation of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) needed to also be supported by an International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, now known as the World Bank (WB). The system was designed to regulate â€Å"the par value exchange rates and lend reserve currencies to nations with trade deficits† thus enabling them with international assistance to re-build their economies and later to help finance the poor or developing countries with their reconstruction projects (Stephey, 2008, p.1) If we examine how nations did recover from the War and the impressive development in the 1950s and 1960s of countries like Germany and Japan, then our assessment of this period of the Bretton Woods, aligned with the Marshal Plan for reconstruction, must agree that Bretton was a positive influence and relatively of some success. The Great Depression in the 1930s was due to the lack of a leading, dominant state to play a hegemonic role in the international economy. In Bretton Woods institutions the US dollar was the dominant currency and became the extension of American hegemony to the international economy (Stephey, 2008, p.2). However, as Susan Strange noted, any multilateral institution might become merely the â€Å"instruments of the structural strategy and foreign policy of the dominant state†, and for many critics of the IMF and the World Bank, the problem is the dominance through these institutions of the majority of the globes nations by a very few powerful nations led b y the US (Strange, 1996). The IMF is seen as a multilateral institution that lends money to governments to stabilize currencies and maintain order in international financial markets. However, its lending carries stringent loan conditions that many see as contributing to worsening conditions for the majority of citizens in the countries that are least able to compete with the economic might of developed countries (Strange, 1996). The IMF is supposed to focus on creating ‘a stable climate for international trade by harmonising its members monetary policies, and maintaining exchange stability (Bretton Woods Project, 2005). It can ‘provide temporary financial assistance to countries encountering difficulties with their balance of payments and it is based on consensual decision-making with the aim of ‘helping countries whose economies are under-developed or in crisis (Bretton Woods Project, 2005). However, to assess the success of this one has to evaluate the degree of ‘fairness in IMF/World Bank strategies and many critics, like Strange (1996) and Mazzei (2007) are highly critical of the true purpose of the Bretton Woods System. For example, Mazzei (2007) finds that it is the ‘poor countries that actually finance the World Bank and not the other way around (p.2). Mazzei notes how ‘that for 20 years poor countries have financed the World Bank, while it is rich countries that co ntribute only 1/4 of total fund and yet it is them who hold 3/4 of the votes (p.2). The first major point of concern for the global economy was in 1971 when the US used its power over the global economy through the Bretton Woods system to protect its own interests against those of the rest of the world. The United States unilaterally terminated convertibility of the dollar to gold. The US could now unilaterally control the global economy by insisting that the United States dollar became the sole backing of currencies and a reserve currency for all the member states (Strange, 1996, p.20). This actually led to the virtual collapse of the Bretton Woods System in the 1970s and plunged the world into economic decline while it fought to adjust to the changes brought about by US policies (Strange, 1996; Cohen, 2009, Calleo and Rowland, 1973). The US ended the tying of the Dollar to the Gold Standard and left it and other global currencies to float free. Keynes had originally planned that the world adopt a global currency but it was adoption in 1944 of Dexter Whites own pla n to make the dominant trading currency of the world the Dollar that had structured the future policies of the IMF/World Bank and allowed the US to have the power to dominate the globes trade. By the 1970s the US was coming under strong criticism for its unilateral control of global trading. French President Charles De Gaulle ‘claimed that the international monetary system allowed the United States to live beyond its means and forced the European surplus countries to finance Americas military empire overseas (Gavin, 2002, p.4). The Bretton Woods system was designed to separate monetary economic policies from power politics, and yet, by the 1970s it had become ‘highly politicized and required constant political intervention to keep the system functioning smoothly (Gavin, 2002, p.5). The faults of the Bretton Woods System were listed by Bordo (1991, p.20) as ‘the gold exchange standard, which placed the United States under threat of a convertibility crisis secondly the problems with the ‘adjustable peg, because, in the face of growing capital mobility, the costs of discrete changes in parities were deemed so high, the system evolved into a reluctant f ixed exchange rate system without any effective adjustment mechanism and finally that ‘U.S. monetary policy was inappropriate for a key currency. Thus, the Bretton Woods System collapsed in the 1970s but its basic institution of the IMF and subsequently the World Bank remain as the guiding bodies of the international economy. The World Banks task is lending to promote the growth of world trade and to finance the post-war reconstruction of European economies. It is a ‘multilateral institution that lends money to governments and government agencies for development projects. However, the Bank also imposes harsh conditions through Structural Adjustment Programs, forcing countries to adopt reforms, deregulate capital markets, promote privatisation of state enterprises, and downsize public programs for social welfare. This results in policies such as privatisation of utility suppliers, bringing in fees and privatisation of education and health services. For its critics the World Bank and IMF have become the contributors to the persistence of world poverty rather than vanguard for preventing it and represent not the interests of the global society but rather the interests of Wall Street and the United States Treasury Department (Strange 1996, Cohen, 2009, Markwell, 2006) In contrast, the supporters of the World Bank insist that the Bank is an institution in which the rich developed countries can serve to improve the global economy and the ‘capacity of countries to trade by lending money to war-ravaged and impoverished countries for reconstruction and development projects (www.imf.org). Thus, in assessing the success of the Bretton Woods System and its subsequent trading organisations such as the IMF and the World Bank, one can see a very different analysis depending on your political affiliation. Rather than separate power politics from global trading, the System has become directly linked to the fortunes and hegemony of the US. Its record in helping a devastated globe recover from the affects of World War 11 is very good and the global economy has grown over each decade. However, its critics still see it as chiefly dominated by the US and its allies and whilst it continues to support the growth of trade its image as a vehicle mainly for the US retards how well its future role in the global economy will be judged by the growing economic powers of countries like China and India. Reference: Bloch, F.L. (1977) The Origins of International Economic Disorder, Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press Bordo Michael (1991)The Bretton Woods International Monetary System: An Historical Overview, Chicago press, US Bretton Woods Project,( 2005) What are the Bretton Woods Institutions, www.brettonwoodsproject.com Calleo, D.P. and Rowland, B.M. (1973) America and the World Political Economy, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press Cohen, Bernard (2009) Bretton Woods System, USA, Routledge Eichengreen, B. (1996) Globalizing Capital: A History of the International Monetary System, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Gavin Francis (2002) ‘The Gold Battles Within the Cold War Diplomatic History, US. Hull, Cordell (1948). The Memoirs of Cordell Hull: vol. 1. New York: Macmillan. Keynes, John Maynard (2007) [1936]. The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan Markwell Donald, (2006) John Maynard Keynes and International Relations: Economic Paths to War and Peace, Oxford University Press, Mazzei, Umberto (2007) The Temple of Capital is Cracking, Ventana Global , Spain Stephey M J (2008) A Brief History of the Bretton Woods System, Time Magazine, USA Strange, S. (1976) International Economic Relations of the Western World 1959-1971, Vol. 2: International Monetary Relations, London and New York: Oxford University Press Strange Susan (1996) The retreat of the State† : The Diffusion of Power in the World Economy UK, Cambridge Press Internet sources: M.J. Stephey, Bretton Woods System[ Brief paper],Time CNN, Tuesday, Oct. 21, 2008. Availbale from http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1852254,00.html#ixzz0gvqYryL2 [accessed 23 March 2010] The World Bank[Web Document] Available online from: http://www.globalpolicy.org/social-and-economic-policy/the-three-sisters-and-other-institutions/the-world-bank.html [accessed 23 March 2010] What are the Bretton Woods Institutions? Published: Tuesday 23rd August 2005, last edited: Thursday 25th January 2007[online] available from: http://www.brettonwoodsproject.org/item.shtml?x=320747 [accessed 23 March 2010]

Roman Times :: essays research papers

MOM IN THE JACUZZI It was not until I read my first erotic story about mothers and sons, that my Mom became my object of desire. I cannot describe my Mother as a sex goddess. She is the typical forty-something, with brown hair and eyes, about five foot and two inches tall, and weights 130 lbs. Mom just oozes motherhood. Her one enduring physical quality is her big breast. They're not large. They're just really nice. So now every son's dilemma, how do you seduce your mother? I kept a small collection of magazines about family encounters to fuel my imagination and to help plan the ultimate seduction. I fantasized about many scenarios with my Mom, but one of my biggest fears was that my Mom or Dad would find the magazines. Fortunately, as an only child, I was spoiled with a large bedroom and bath in the full-basement of my parent's ranch style home. I had plenty of privacy, which is important to a college student living at home. The only draw back was that the laundry room was located between my room and the bath, and about three times a week, I had to endure my Mom doing laundry, while I tried to sleep. After four years of fantasizing, opportunity knocked. I was standing in the middle of our living room, massaging Mom's shoulders, while talking with both my parents. Nothing erotic about the massage, it was just a chance for me to touch my Mother. I mentioned that Mom should get in the Jacuzzi. I said, that I had not been in the tub for months, and I asked Dad if the water was ready. He replied that the tub was clean and ready for use. My Mom then said, that she got into the tub every day. I responded by questioning when, and stated, that I haven't seen any bathing suites hanging up to dry. She replied, every morning when your Dad leaves for work, and that she doesn't wear a bathing suite. My mind started racing with images of my Mom skinny dipping in the hot tub, and me sleeping through the whole thing. As luck would have it the next two days were Saturday and Sunday, and my dad was home. Monday morning I was standing at my bedroom door listening to my Dad drive off to work. A few minutes later, I heard my Mom walk out side heading for the Jacuzzi.

My Plans After High School Essay

After receiving my high school diploma, I would like to purse a career in the medical profession specifically; I would like to become a Registered Nurse. A nurse is a profession that provides care for sick, the injured and other people in the need of medical assistance. Nurses also work in healthy insurance companies, research institutions and pharmaceutical (medicinal drug) companies. According to Segovia Bain â€Å"nurses record patient medical histories and medications, operate medical machinery and help with follow up care and rehabilitation (World Book Student). This career path interests me because of the educational training requirements, working conditions, earning potential and future employment opportunities. Nursing began as practice reserved for men. The first nursing school was established in India in about, 250 B.C., but it wasn’t until the 1800’s nursing education was primarily received from hospital than colleges. In this time, now student mostly dustings and doing dishes. They worked 10 to 12 hour shifts. Later, responsibilities like sterilization of the equipment, and like cleaning rooms or needles. By the time World War II started , nurses were removed from the hospital, to bedside by wounded soldiers. In the 1980, started a need for travel-nursing agencies has started, which made numerous job positions. â€Å"Registered nurses is expected growth, more by the year 2014† (What comes to mind when you think of nurses?) Registered Nurses mostly have an associate degree. The curriculum for this degree includes, commutation, and organizational skill to coordinate, supervise, and manage or train other to accomplish goal. Registered nurse’s jobs duties also include developing day-to-day nursing care plan for both in the hospital and for care. â€Å"Employees in these occupations unusually need one or two years of training involving both on the job experience and in formal training with experienced workers â€Å" (On*net). Most nurse work in hospital and home health care. Nurses spend a lot of time walking, standing and bending. It’s possible for them to get a injury, like back injuries. They also like, moving patients a lot. Nurses are mostly likely to work 24 hours shifts. They work on nights, weekends and holidays. â€Å"Nurses   who work in offices , school, and other places that do not provide 24-hour shifts care are more likely to work regular business hs†. (Working environment). The Salary range for registered nurses is between 58,000 to 66,000 a year. The average amount for a registered is 64,000. This median range is about half of what the workers in this occupation earned while more than the amount and of the half. Registered nurses, have good benefits such as flexible work schedules, childcare, educational benefits and nurse’s bonuses. Because patients in hospitals and nursing care facilities need round-the-clock care, nurses in these settings usually covering all 24 hours. â€Å"They may work nights, weekends and holidays. They may also be on call, so that means you have available on short notice.† (Earnings and Wages†). ly The employment of registered nurse is expected to grow 26 %, from 2010-2020 faster than the average for all occupational growth will increased because of things like advancement of technology or aging baby boomer population. The growth rate is faster in traditional hospitals. Job opportunities for registered nurses are excellent. Registered nurses are needed of family friendly work schedules. â€Å"Generally registered nurses with at least a bachelor’s degree in nursing (BSN) will have better job aspect than those without One†. (Job outlook) You will need many skills to be a house such as excellent people skills, good communication, even dealing with emotionally charged situations You also need the ability to answer questions and offer advice. This profession is based solely, on the drive to learn new things. â€Å"The definition of a nurse: to go above and beyond the call of duty, the heart and soul of caring, a unique soul who will pass thru your life for a minute and impact it for an eternity. A individual whom you may feet for only a 12 hour period, but who will put you and yours above theirs.† (McKenna). Nursing seems like a very fun, creative and fast paced profession that would be very fulfilling to work in. â€Å"Earrings and wages† Occupational outlook handbook 2012-13 edition U.S bureau of labor statistics 19 Jan. 2008. Web 14 Feb 2013 . â€Å"Job outlook† Occupational outlook handbook 2012-13 edition U.S bureau of labor statistics 9 Jan. 2008 Web. 18 Feb. 2013 . McKenna Brian â€Å"The top 15 Quotes about nurses† College Finder Web 18 Feb. 2013 â€Å"Registered Nurses† † Occupational outlook handbook 2012-13 edition U.S bureau of labor stastics , !9 Jan. 2008 Web 4 Feb. 2013 . Segovia-Balin, Rossana â€Å"Nursing† World Book Student , 2013 Web. 23 Jan 2013 â€Å"What Comes to mind when you think of nurses?† Travel Now Nurses . 28 Jan 2013 â€Å"Working Enivornment â€Å"† Occupational outlook handbook 2012-13 edition U.S bureau of labor statistics , 9 Jan. 2008 Web 7 Feb. 2013. .

Persuasion Theory Essay

One of the most deeply-debated, and researched, models of persuasion is the ELM (Elaboration Likelihood Model). Developed by Petty and Cacioppo (1981 to 1986). Based on cognitive processes, it â€Å"portrays receivers as active participants in the persuasion process. Receivers produce cognitions (thoughts, elaborations) in response to the stimulus of persuasive discourse† (Stephenson; Benoit; Tschida; 2001). Petty and Cacioppo argue there are two â€Å"routes† to persuasion: central and peripheral. The central route to persuasion consists of thoughtful consideration of the arguments (ideas, content) in the message, and occurs only when a receiver possesses both the motivation and ability to think about the message and topic. The peripheral route occurs when the receiver lacks ability and/or motivation to engage in much thought on the issue. Using the peripheral route, the listener decides whether to agree with the message based on other cues besides the strength of the arguments in the message, such as whether the source is credible or attractive, the number (but not the quality) of arguments in the message, or length of the message. † Petty and Cacioppo argue that subjects produce more favorable cognitive responses to messages with strong than weak arguments. Mitigating factors include source credibility, the state of the recipient’s thinking when the message is received, and method and medium used to deliver the message (i. e. , verbal or written; print or electronic), There is a considerable body of work, both pro and against the ELM. However, from the literature it seems we are once again left with the thought that the processes involved have yet to be rigorously tested as they relate to communication theory, let alone their effect on the Domino Model. â€Å"There have been relatively few rigorous tests of this assumption via path analysis or structural equation modeling† (Stephenson, Benoit, Tschida). American graphic designer Katherine McCoy suggests that persuasion might be considered more than just trying to convince an audience of the sender’s intention â€Å"The receiver’s motivation might also be an important factor. We know persuasion is necessary for distracted, unmotivated users. But it can also increase productivity for motivated users, for instance, through the use of prompts and cues for accurate use of spreadsheet software. In product design, persuasion/seduction can clarify operation sequences for smart products and enrich the user’s product experience. Persuasion provides motivation for those unmotivated through disinterest, unfamiliarity with the content, or lack of competence for a software tool or a product’s operation. There is a complex interaction between the sender’s intentions, message content, the audience/receiver’s motivations and the communications context. Here, the receiver’s motivation is paramount† (McCoy, 2000). But how accurately can we predict motivation? An airport monitor would seem to be purely informational. A traveler hurrying to catch a plane is highly motivated and will make full use of the flight monitor – no need to persuade this audience member. But when a driver in a hurry encounters a stop sign, that driver has a low motivation level. Although the content is informational, the driver may ignore it, making only a rolling stop. Thirdly, what happens when a junk food enthusiast encounters a food package with nutritional information? This audience member has low motivation and probably ignores message content completely. † In order to achieve persuasion, an audience has to be motivated; to want to absorb knowledge, change attitude and, in turn, have their behaviour affected. The American Marketing Association found that after a study of the major persuasion theories â€Å"to date, no single theory or framework that has been developed has been able to account for all the varied and sometimes conflicting persuasion findings. â€Å"Presumably, this is because the complex process of persuasion is intricately dependent on a myriad of contextual, situational, and individual difference factors, whereas the theories remain relatively simplistic and narrowly developed. The inability of existing theories to accommodate all persuasion findings need not suggest, however, that these theories are inaccurate. Rather, these theories simply may represent pieces of persuasion processes that operate in certain conditions that are not always clearly specified†. (Meyers-Levy, 2001). For good measure, highlighting the difficult nature of this area of study, the Association added an additional strategy that people are likely to employ in processing information. a third fundamental processing strategy in response to an advertisement, referred to as an â€Å"experiential processing strategy. where â€Å"judgments are not based on thoughts prompted by message content per se but rather on sensations or feelings prompted by the very act of processing† (cited in Strack, 1992). The Domino model is certainly simplistic, as it assumes that attitudes, and then behaviour, will be altered after information is provided. However, it doesn’t recognise that attitudes are formed early in our development and are inherently difficult to change (why is it that drink-driving, anti-smoking and domestic violence programs don’t seem to work? ). So it can’t be assumed that all people will change their attitudes just because they receive information. In fact, many people may not even receive knowledge from the initial message, particularly if they already have heard the message. Given the number of persuasion theories (and they are just that: theories) it is difficult to judge with any certainty their effect on the Domino model. The simplicity of the Domino Model is probably a result of the fact that public relations is, for the most part, an inexact science – a practice that relies on the foibles of human nature. It also flawed in that what applies to a target group, does not necessarily apply to all individuals in that group. Clearly, more quantifiable research is required before either the Domino Model, or any persuasion theory can be considered exact. In fact â€Å"to date, no single theory or framework that has been developed has been able to account for all the varied and sometimes conflicting persuasion findings. Presumably, this is because the complex process of persuasion is intricately dependent on a myriad of contextual, situational, and individual difference factors, whereas the theories remain relatively simplistic and narrowly developed† (Meyers-Levy, 1999). As Carl Hovland stated: â€Å"to change attitude you have to change opinion. That requires communication†. Whether any of the above theories affect the Domino model remain to be truly tested.

The Enlightenment

The Enlightenment BY unet193 World Literature The Enlightenment's Impact on the Modern World The Enlightenment, Age of Reason, began in the late 17th and 18th century. This was a period in Europe and America when mankind was emerging from centuries of ignorance into a new age enlightened by reason, science, and respect for humanity. This period promoted scientific thought, skeptics, and intellectual interchange: dismissing superstition, intolerance, and for some, religion. Western Europe, Germany, France, and Great Britain, and the American Colonies generally influenced the age of reason.Following the Renaissance, science and rationality was the forefront of this age. The enlightenment came as a wave throughout Europe, drastically changing the culture. The literature of time reflected this idea. Authors such as Voltaire and Jean-Jacques Rousseau were torchbearers of this time, writing Enlightenment literature and philosophy. The Enlightenment was the forefront for modern literature a nd changed the way people viewed and interacted with the world, without it society today would not be the same. The ideas of the Enlightenment have had a long-term major impact on the culture, politics, and governments of theWestern worlds. English philosopher John Locke's principles of religious tolerance, the separation of church and state, and the social contract, for instance, greatly influenced the Founding Fathers of the United States as they planned their new country. Locke's idea of a social contract, which Rousseau in particular developed, was also of great importance in France both before and after the French Revolution. Democratic institutions were in existence to some degree in England, Switzerland, and the United Province of the Netherlands when Rousseau elaborated his social contract.Many of the ideas that the philosophers developed are intrinsic to modern democratic society, and they were often developed with the intent of creating such a society. It is important to n ote that Enlightenment thinkers were not the only source of such ideas. These are only two of many examples of how these ideas influenced later events. In fact, these three countries were important centers for printing and discussion, even though much of the discussion was about how to change the repressive society in France; French exiles, including both Rousseau and Voltaire, took efuge in these countries when the French state sought to silence them.The 18th century was a time, which saw a significant expansion of knowledge in the realm of the natural world. In conjunction with the emerging philosophical enquiry of the Enlightenment, men of science began to investigate widespread beliefs about the structure of the universe, and even the type of knowledge that was possible for the human mind to understand. A great many of the Enlightenment writers possessed a background in the sciences, or a willingness to conduct scientific experiments. Adam Smith, US representative and philosophe r states, Science is the great antidote to the poison of enthusiasm and superstition. (Smith) Like many he believed that in order to clear the mind ot talse superstition and tocus on the true nature of a human science was necessary. A notable opponent was Rousseau, he believed that science led to the distancing of mankind from nature and often worked against the improvement and development of individuals. The spread of science in the 18th century was enhanced by the numbers of scientific societies and academies which had started to emerge in the previous century and which, in eneral, accepted â€Å"Newtonianism† over the Cartesian system.It should be noted, however, that science was not a term often used by Enlightenment thinkers; the use of natural philosophy illustrates that it was originally conceived of as a line of enquiry that shared contact points with moral philosophy and epistemology. The philosophers generally favored reducing government control over the market, whi ch we call â€Å"laissez-faire† economics. The most prominent school of laissez-faire thinkers in France were the physiocrats, who believed that the only real ource of national wealth was agriculture.An unobstructed supply of grain in France would be a means of increasing total output. In 1776 Adam Smith published The Wealth of Nations, which forwards similar ideas. Smith was somewhat different from the physiocrats, though, because he believed that labor and the market were the prime creators of wealth. Smith argues â€Å"The greatest improvement in the productive powers of labour, and the greater part of the skill, dexterity, and Judgment with which it is anywhere directed, or applied, seem to have been the effects of the division of abour. (Smith) He believes labor for one owns success is the best way to work, not wealth based on social standings. In making these arguments, both the physiocrats and Adam Smith struck at the hold that the aristocracy was trying to maintain o n the economy. Locke agrees, â€Å"All wealth is the product of labor† The laissez-faire economists believed that wealth should not be confined to one class. As articulated in France, therefore, the argument for laissez-faire economics was an argument that the ancient regime should be abolished and replaced with a more equal basis for ociety.Most literature was nonfiction, which means it was based on fact rather than being made up by the author's imagination. Its aims were to instruct, to enlighten, and to make people think. Immanuel Kant, German philosopher, states â€Å"Two things inspire me to awe: the starry heavens above and the moral universe within. â€Å"(Kant) He explains the sort of wonder and inspiration found in the literature of the Enlightenment age Two of the primary targets of critical examination during the Enlightenment were governments and religious authorities.These calls for reform ere raised by some of the most eloquent writers in history, such that th e Enlightenment is also known as the golden age of satire. The two leading figures of Enlightenment satire are Voltaire (in French) and Swift (in English). Voltaire battled many forms of injustice, including religious and political discrimination, arbitrary imprisonment, and torture. He is known primarily for his many philosophical and satirical works, including novels, short stories, and essays. His masterpiece is the novel Gulliver's Travels, a broad examination of ethics, politics, and society framed in series of fantastic adventures.During the late seventeenth century, France waxed as the supreme political and cultural power of Europe. Classical French literature flourished especially in the form of drama. French tragedy peaked in the works of Jean Racine, while Moliere, otten considered the greatest ot all French dramatists, attained the pinnacle of French comedy. While ancient and medieval writers produced novels, the form received unprecedented attention in modern times. Form ative age novel writing flourished primarily in Spanish, French, English, and German.As the novel did not achieve its supreme position until the nineteenth century, novelists of the formative age are generally less prominent than other literary fgures, namely poets and dramatists. Nonetheless, a list of the foremost novelists of the formative age will be attempted here: in Spanish, Cervantes; Defoe's foremost work, Robinson Crusoe, is likely the most widely familiar novel of the entire formative age. These ideas, works, and principles of the Enlightenment would continue to affect Europe and the rest of the Western world for decades and even centuries to come.Nearly every theory or fact that is held in modern science has a foundation in the Enlightenment; Yet it is not simply the knowledge attained during the Enlightenment that makes the era so pivotal†it's also the era's groundbreaking and tenacious new approaches to investigation, reasoning, and problem solving that make it s o important. although some may have been persecuted for their new ideas, it nevertheless became indisputable that thought had the power to incite real change. Just like calculus or free trade, the very concept of freedom of expression had to come from somewhere, and it too had firm roots in the Enlightenment.

Two different social networking (Snapchat and Instagram) Essay

Two different social networking (Snapchat and Instagram) - Essay Example First of all, the main distinctive and unique feature of the service is that the picture a person wants to share with a friend is saved on the service only within 24 hours. After this period the picture is being deleted from Snapchat and nobody is able to see it anymore. Also, once a friend gets the photo he can observe it maximum for 10 seconds after this the picture disappears. As for design possibilities of editing pictures Snapchat has not that many functions. The only way user can make the picture is to take it right from the camera provided by the app, he can also add some text or paint something on the photo taken right away. The service has only one communicational function, which to share pictures with friends without possibility to save the pictures or comment (and like) them afterwards. Thus Snapchat is truly a kind of chat that provides its users with possibility to share their photos with saving a high level of privacy. Instagram is the social network whereby internet users can share whatever pictures they wish to share with their followers. Instagram users can either take a photo and post it right away or post any picture from their camera roll. The pictures are being saved on the service for unlimited period of time and the person’s followers can look at them any time they want unless the owner of the profile deletes them by oneself. The way of usage of the app is also different from Snapchat. After choosing a picture a user intends to post he can edit it in multiple ways like using filters or in a manual way. The posted pictures are being showed in a common newsfeed of the user’s followers and they can like it and comment, which makes the application more adapted for open communicational possibilities. If user wants to save a picture, he can visit the other user’s profile and save it print screening the picture he likes. The service is definitely less private, as it allows u sers to steal others’ pictures from their

What causes homelessness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What causes homelessness - Essay Example 1995). The point is that the category of homelessness is rather huge, and there are many people, who may be considered as homeless. The more important thing is that classical homeless people have some, let’s say, classical reasons to live in such way. The reasons are the following: alcoholism, mental diseases, physical disabilities and simple laziness and life weakness (Shlay, Rossi, 1992). Recent sociological researches showed that such vision of homelessness is quite typical for almost all the people, and indeed these patterns of poverty are truthful in majority of cases, but still there are some essentially different situations when it turns out that people become homeless (Lee et al. 1990). For example, such exceptional cases may be bankruptcy, mortgage delinquency (which may be a result of job loss) etc. In general, there are a lot of huge economical problems that make people homeless. Actually, these problems are on the top of the list of reasons of homelessness. Also, we can’t forget about a huge group of mentally sick people unable to function in society in adequate way, so they go on streets trying to survive. Scientific researches showed that the level of mental diseases has grown with development of big cities. Psychologists think that the reason of such tendency is that people can’t stand rapid pace of globalization, so they begin mentally â€Å"breaking† or using drugs and alcohol (Mechanic, Field, 1987). The main point is that people start feeling their weakness and negligibility in this world; they feel lonely and unable of doing anything. Another economical reason of homelessness is increasing level of prices and especially the land ones and housing costs. There are many families that cannot afford buying an expensive house that would fit their families, or even cannot afford any housing at all (Freeman and Hall, 1987). The